The Victorian World and the Underworld of Economics Essay - 1

The Victorian World and the Underworld of Economics - Essay Example Marx anticipated the immiseration of the average workers and inevitable breakdown of free enterprise yet this didn't occur. Rather, compensation continued expanding during Victorian Age and the working hours abbreviated hence changing low class into insignificant bourgeoisies (p. 170). Malthus went black market because of arithmetical preposterousness of his concept of ‘general glut’ while the utopians were esteemed to ramble which was not â€Å"economics† (p. 177-178). Edgeworth (1845-1926) presented the idea of amounts and applied science to financial matters yet his work was dismissed as it overlooked the human factor in this way it went black market. Bastiat then again, added cleverness to financial matters and was a protector of unhindered commerce yet went black market. Henry George (1839-1897) was an extremely mainstream financial expert in England and the U.S particularly because of his book Progress and Poverty (1879) which showed that the genuine reason for neediness and mechanical wretchedness was land lease (Heilbroner, 1999, p. 187). He contended that lease realized difficulties for industrialists as well as workingmen subsequently was an unfairness. He accepted lease was a social blackmail that prompted theory in land esteems thus financial downturn or â€Å"paroxysms† (p. 187). The main answer for the issue of wretchedness was a solitary huge expense ashore equivalent to its lease. This would take out all different assessments thus raise wages and capital income. It would likewise â€Å"abolish neediness, lead to profitable work for all, clean government and bear the cost of free extension to human power† (p 187-188). He additionally upheld removing land from proprietors regardless of whether it implied war as, â€Å"there wa s never a holier cause† (p.189). In spite of the fact that his work was a commendable replacement to Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations it went into black market of financial aspects because of absence of rationale; modern despondency can't be accused ashore hypothesis as proof shows extreme discouragements do happen in nations where land esteems are not expanded. John Hobson was concerned

Creating Variation within Traditional Classical Music Forms free essay sample

Making Variation inside Traditional Classical Music Forms While a great part of the Classical time music is generalized for sounding the equivalent, there is a lot of variety inside the style and music of that period. In spite of the fact that there are various structures and varieties of those structures, deviations in that regard are not as effortlessly perceived to the easygoing audience. It takes some consideration and center to see a proper variety. What the easygoing audience will perceive are deviations which catch eye of the individuals who may have not been giving any consideration previously, or which challenge the desires for the individuals who have been paying attention.The best methods are deviations in cadence, dynamic, and amicability. Cadence normally makes a desire in the ear of the audience, in view of show. For instance, If you hear a piece going to a rhythm point and the harmonies come In short wounds on the oft)eats for a much number of bars, you would anticipate that It should arrive on the downbeat of the resulting bar, regardless of whether It be after the fourth bar, eighth bar, and so on. We will compose a custom exposition test on Making Variation inside Traditional Classical Music Forms or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As it were, you expect a goals of the musical tension.When it goes uncertain, for this situation if it somehow managed to complete on another odd, that would stand out, in light of the fact that it resists the desire set up by show. In Beethovens Violin Concerto in D Major, on page 21 of the score, the violin begins playing a persistent triplet line, joined by nothing shorter than a quarter-note length. Now, there Is nothing Interfering with the now Lilting triplet feel. Nonetheless, after around 11 bars of this, the backup includes straight eighth notes n top of the triplets, which hang out as a distinct difference to the violin rhythm.Probably the most evident of procedures to resist desire is dynamic differentiation. Primes Surprise Symphony utilizes this procedure. The second development of the work begins with a tranquil proclamation of a straightforward song, which rehashes however with an abrupt, blustering, fortissimo harmony toward the end. It at that point proceeds at Plano with an ensuing tune, not under any condition referencing what Just happened. An easygoing audience would make some hard memories not seeing the unexpected difference In powerful alee.Heydays use is doubly freak, in light of the fact that even with an abrupt unique change that way, it is at any rate expected that the new powerful would be proceeded, however Haydn goes directly back to piano. Congruity might be the least utilized angle from which to stray. In any case, Heydays Symphony No. 94 again gives a fine case of It. In the second-to-last variety, which Is scored vigorously and sounds exceptionally self important, its last bar goes from a F significant harmony (with a D in the song) to a fermata on a F# completely reduced seventh chord.This is totally sudden, particularly in light of the fact that a minor departure from the tune has been going on, and the flute seems as though it would have gone from a D to a C, arrival on the tonic of C major (the tonic key), yet it rather goes up to a Be, making an extremely striking discord comparative with the remaind er of the piece. The built up structures, the best strategy is to challenge desire. This is cultivated most observably by deviations in cadence, dynamic, and amicability, as appeared through Heydays Symphony No. 94 and Beethovens Violin Concerto in D Major.

Blog Archive MBA News Wharton Unveils Major Curriculum Change

Blog Archive MBA News Wharton Unveils Major Curriculum Change A commitment to lifelong learning for its MBA alumni is just part of the curriculum overhaul planned for the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania to be partially rolled out in fall 2011 and fully executed in fall 2012. The school intends to offer an executive education course free of charge to MBA graduates once every seven years as a sign of a commitment to students after their two years in business school ends. The new curriculum will also give students more flexibility in course selection, more global experiences and increased expertise in areas such as ethics and analytics. The curriculum will place greater emphasis on soft skills, such as oral and written communication, and all students will participate in a two-year leadership coaching program to focus on self-evaluation. This kind of overhaul may be a trendseveral top business schools have either recently updated their curriculum or have plans to do so in the future. In 2006, Stanford changed its curriculum to allow students to tailor the MBA program according to their education, work experience and career goals, and in the same year, Yale introduced a new MBA curriculum that focuses on multidisciplinary courses. As recently as May, Haas revamped its curriculum to focus on analytical thinking, flexibility and creativity. Darden has started to make changes to its first-year courses after reviewing its full-time program over the past 18 months. Time will tell if other MBA programs will follow suit. Share ThisTweet News University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

Salary and Merit Pay Essay - 1846 Words

e- Compensation Viola Alston Dr. Jamie Brown HRM 520 Information Systems March 11, 2012 1. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of using a Web-based compensation tool verses a client-server based or stand-alone PC based system and then give your opinion on which system would provide the most value to an organization’s stakeholders. Include three (3) facts to support your opinion. After assessing the advantages and disadvantages of using a Web-based compensation tool verses a client-server based, and a stand-alone PC system my results are as followed. In my opinion, a client- server would be the best system to use for an organization; verses the Web-based and†¦show more content†¦Recognizing and rewarding high-performance is a key recommendation for any approach when managing any merit pay program (HRIS 2012). Merit pay is a compensation system where base pay increases and is determined by an individual’s performance. Using a merit pay plan is a good way for an organization to reward high performance is one benefit when using merit pay programs . The first step in implementing or improving a merit pay program is to have a solid performance management program, and this is another way a merit pay program is beneficial. Merit pay is a way to be successful and effectively implement merit pay with a uplift in salaries, and this is a third way using a merit pay program is beneficial to an organization. There are some drawbacks when using merit pay programs, such as paying some employees more than others. If you pay high-performing workers more than low- performing employees, the high- performers may stay, causing the low- performers to complain or leave the organization. A second drawback in using merit pay program is that employees become less motivated if not paid to their satisfaction. For example, if employees feel they should be making more money for their performance, this causes them to have low self esteem, and want to find employment at other organization. The last drawback associated withShow MoreRelatedLeveraging L abor Relations1366 Words   |  6 Pagestowards the company (Hirsch, 2009). In the case of jobs in sales, companies usually provide very small fixed salaries, but increasing levels of commissions based on the sales volume of employees. This is intended to motivate sales people to sell more. In the case of this organization, the compensation practices strategy is very complex. The compensation strategy is a combination of fixed salary, bonuses, and other perks. Such perks are represented by providing employees service cars, paid holidaysRead MoreThe Human Resource Administrative Procedures1595 Words   |  7 Pagesand Garfield (2012) proclaim, the expanded role of human resources is the administration of personnel: the skill of leading and managing people. They also assert, human resource administrators typically focus on the following areas: recruitment, salaries, benefits, certification, and retirement. As a result, the human resource team are people experts (Brimley and Garfield, 2012). â€Å"Notwithstanding the importance of personnel duties, the role is broadened to include improving the ambiance of the professionRead MoreDifference Between Merit And Bonus Pay1663 Words   |  7 PagesAssisting the regional Vice President with the distribution of this yearâ€℠¢s merit and bonus pay is a momentous task that requires conscientiousness and calculated decision making. Consequently, the allotment of money was a challenging task that was determined on the basis of multiple different factors. Equity with respect to current salary relative to the market was a primary concern I looked to address. Performance during the 2014 work year was another factor that was weighted heavily. ContinuedRead MoreMy Organization Style Of An Organization1269 Words   |  6 Pagesstimulated compensation(s), bonuses and merit(s) base outlines to remain competitive. For my current organization, our compensation packages are relatively better than the average compensation within our region when compared with our marketers within my under (salary.com) and (Scdew.gov). While the compensation ranks higher than average, there are a few factors that make up the methods of setting bonuses, compensation(s), and merit(s). We discuss bonuses, annual merits, and compensation on the effectsRead MoreCoastal Horizons : An Equal Opportunity Employer Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesCoastal Horizons is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Compensation is given based on the salary plan that was approved by the Board of Trustees upon hire. There are many factors that are observed when it comes to determining who is chosen as an employee of Coastal Horizons. A potential candidate’s education, experience, and credentials are major factors that are researched and considered in hiring and to set pay. The agency selects employees based on the applicant’s qualifications for the job andRead MoreThe Ethics Of Care Framework1244 Words   |  5 PagesMiller cannot guarantee sufficient salary to support her four children on her own. According to the Ethics of Care framework, this would not allow her to abide by the four elements of care. She would recognize her children’s need for care and her obligation as a mother, but she would not be able to act with competence and responsiveness. A New York Times article from October 4, 2005, examines the salary increases that would come from public school system merit pay. Essentially, student success wouldRead MoreMerit Pay For Teachers And Teachers1327 Words   |  6 Pages Merit Pay for Teachers President Barack Obama said in a recent speech that â€Å"The future belongs to the nation that best educates its citizens †¦ It is time to give all Americans a complete and competitive education† (Stout). His first point has become evident over time. The nations that best educate their children will have power in the future. He also mentions giving Americans a competitive education. This is referring to implementing a form of merit pay for teachers; paying bonuses to a teachers’Read MoreSome Factors That Affect Recruitment Of Certified Officers For The Coffee County Sheriffs Office790 Words   |  4 PagesSalary, benefits, and retirement are several factors that affect recruitment of certified officers for the Coffee County Sheriff’s Office. Recent job openings have found the number of certified applicants on a decline. The decline is due to better overall benefits in competing agencies. Several solutions that the county should consider are pay adjust ments, more assistance with healthcare coverage, and considering the implementation of a merit system, with cooperation from the Sheriff. Employees hiredRead MoreEssay on Compensation and Benefits Strategy1040 Words   |  5 Pagesincentives and merit-based pay to recognize and engage employees. This will help to identify applicable laws related to pay and benefits. This paper includes citations from one peer-reviewed book, three government websites, four commercial websites, and one University of Phoenix online course material. Market Evaluation Atwood and Allen’s market evaluation found the average salary for a limousine driver in Austin, Texas, for 2012 was $23,550 or $11.33 per hour. The 50th percentile of pay for a limousineRead MoreCodes, Values And Expectations Of Wills Incorporated933 Words   |  4 Pagesthe supervisor things like the culture, structure, values and expectations of Wills Incorporated, the departmental roles in Wills Incorporated, employee’s roles in the departmental operational scheme, the name and contact number to call for absences, pay dates. In addition, the supervisor gives the new employee an orientation of the building that includes the locations of bulletin boards, the cafeteria, bathrooms, supplies, equipment, his or her office/desk, fire exits and first aid kits on the first

How to Read a Lot of Dry Text Quickly

Dry text is a term used to describe text that might be boring, long-winded, or written purely for academic value rather than entertainment value. You can often find dry text in textbooks, case studies, business reports, financial analysis reports, etc. In other words, dry text appears in many of the documents you will need to read and study while you are pursuing a business degree.   You may have to read dozens of textbooks and hundreds of case studies while enrolled in business school. To stand any chance of getting through all of your required reading, you will need to learn how to read a lot of dry text quickly and efficiently.  In this article, were going to take a look at a few tricks and methods that will help you wade through all of your required reading. Find a Good Place to Read Although it is possible to read almost anywhere, your reading environment can have a huge impact on how much text you cover and how much information you retain. The best reading places are well-lit, quiet, and offer a comfortable place to sit. The environment should also be free of distractions—human or otherwise. Use the SQ3R Method of Reading The Survey, Question, Read, Review and Recite (SQ3R)  method of reading is one of the most commonly used approaches to reading. To use the SQ3R method of reading, follow these five simple steps: Survey - Scan the material before you actually begin reading. Pay special attention to titles, headings, bold or italicized words, chapter summaries, diagrams, and pictures with captions.Question - As you read, you should constantly ask yourself what the key takeaway point is.Read - Read what you need to read, but focus on comprehending the material. Seek the facts and write information down as you learn.Review - Review what you have learned when you finish reading. Look at your notes, chapter summaries, or things you have written in the margin and then reflect on key concepts.Recite - Recite what you have learned aloud in your own words until you are confident that you understand the material and could explain it to someone else. Learn to Speed Read Speed reading is a great way to get through a lot of dry text quickly. However, it is important to remember that the goal of speed reading involves more than just reading fast—you need to be able to comprehend and retain what you are reading. You can study speed reading techniques online to learn exactly how its done. There are also a number of speed reading books on the market that can teach you various methods. Focus on Recall, Not Reading Sometimes, reading every assignment just isnt possible no matter how hard you try. Dont worry if you find yourself in this predicament. Reading every word isnt necessary. Whats important is that you are able to recall the most important information. Keep in mind that memory is highly visual. If you can create a mental memory tree, it may be easier for you to visualize and later recall facts, statistics, and other key information that you need to remember for class assignments, discussions, and tests. Get more tips on how to remember facts and information.   Read Backwards Starting at the beginning of a textbook chapter  isnt always the best idea. You are better off flipping to the end of the chapter where you will usually find a summary of key concepts, a list of vocabulary terms, and a list of questions that cover main ideas from the chapter. Reading this end section first will make it easier for you to locate and focus on the important topics when you read the rest of the chapter.

Capital Punishment And Its Impact On Society - 1292 Words

Capital punishment has and will continue to be a controversial subject. There are many that vehemently oppose its function, while others adamantly support it use, especially when confronted with horrific crimes. The sanctioning of death for the punishment of murder and other heinous acts in the United States has declined in recent years. However, many advocate that the United States, who remains the most advanced democratic nation, fails to recognize that capital punishment is a profound violation of human rights. There are many factors that weigh heavily on the productivity of our culture, specifically its impact on society, in terms of populace content and ineradicable norms. Theories in sociology provide us with different perspectives to view our past and current social structure. A perspective is simply one’s beliefs in how they view the world, which includes but are not limited to, the right way to punish society’s most violent offenders. Throughout this essay, we will explore two main points: first, capital punishment’s role in society, and second, how it evolves and continues to sustain its core principles in U.S society. Sociological perspectives is an echoed term, which is divided into three major factors: â€Å"†¦symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory† (Chambliss Eglitis, n.d.). Conflict theory is a theory that claims society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources. It holds that social order isShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment and the Media1249 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Punishment and the Media Xavier Mendez Professor Collica JUS110 September 12, 2011 Capital Punishment and the Media In today’s society, the capital punishment known as the death penalty has played a major role in the criminal justice system. It has brought important debates to the national attention in every aspect to whether end the lives of criminals. With the intense media coverage, it raised high standards on disputes on high profile cases such as serial killers. The attentionRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Its Effects On Society826 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty is still a major topic even in today’s society. In this short paper I am going to analyze the Supreme Court decision and how it influences the death penalty, the financial impact on society, and social impact of the death penalty on society. The death penalty does cause a financial burden on society to the point that a state can go bankrupt. The death penalty need to be handed down on case by case bases. Moreover, it cheaper to just give a sentence of life without parole. Read MoreCapital Punishment And Its Effect On The Economy Of United States1320 Words   |  6 Pagesof society. As society grew more complex, many different factors influenced the development of the death penalty, or capital punishment as it has developed into in the United States. Because of this, controversy about whether or not to have the punishment arose, leading to much debate on the topic. The paper will analyze and observe the Capital Punishment and its influence on the economy of United States. Before proceeding, it is important to note that the definition of the capital punishment: aRead MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment1003 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is a topic highly debated upon. For years the court systems have been debating whether the criminals deserve this strict punishment or not. However, despite the verdict from the judge, people have still been divided on whether capital punishment does more harm than good. A major subject that comes up is if the government has a justifiable reason for killing convicted people. Some only look at the negative but there are plenty of reasons why this is a positive action. Capital punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment and its Controversies 1434 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment uses death penalty as a form of punishment in many states and countries. It is a practice that has raised endless questions all over the world. Capital punishment or death penalty policy has changed in many countries overtime. Countries such as, New Australia, Zealand and 15 states in the US do not have capital punishment. One of the major concerns arising with capital punishment is because it causes ending of a human life. People and organizations of different backgrounds areRead MoreEssay on The Death Penalty1543 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment The Death Penalty In the United States many crimes are committed every day, people killing another person, raping innocent children. I strongly believe that people who committed a crime should be punished and punished harshly and those who commit harm to another person should die. The Capital Punishment is a controversial topic that affects society as a whole and causes a great deal of disagreement. Capital punishment is the government legally kills an individual as punishmentRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of capital punishment in the United States has been the center of a heated debate for nearly six decades. Prior to the 1960’s society accepted the idea that the interpretation of the fifth, eighth, and fourteenth amendment permitted the use of capital punishment; however, it was suggested in the 1960’s that capital punishment constituted â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment†. (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org) â€Å"In 1958, the Supreme Court had decided that the Eighth Amendment contained an evolving standardRead More Capital Punishment Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital punishment is a very controversial issue, but it is a just penalty for murderers. Murderers forfeit their lives for taking the life of another. Capital punishment deters criminals from committing violet crimes. Incapacitating criminals is also another form of deterrence. The death penalty removes harmful criminals from society. In doing this, people can feel much safer knowing that there is one less criminal on the streets. The death penalty is also more economicalRead MoreCapital Punishment And Its Economic, Political, And Social Impact On The United States Of America1739 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Capital punishment, also frequently referred to as the  death penalty, is a government certified practice where a person is put to death by the state as a form of punishment for a crime they have committed (Henderson, 25). Crimes that are found punishable by death are referred to as  capital crimes  or  capital offences, and commonly include offences such as murder, treason, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide (Henderson, 48-9). The term  capital  is derived from the  Latin termRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Necessary899 Words   |  4 Pagesone can look into human civilization, justice for a murder victim has always been by taking the life of the killer. In today’s society capital punishment is needed to defend it from further harm, bring justice and/or vengeance to the victims of the loved ones, and encourage psychological deterrence. As of today, there are thirty-two states which offer the only just punishment for a crime without parallel and eigh teen states having abolished the death penalty. The use of the death penalty has brought

Learning Model of Information Technology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Learning Model of Information Technology. Answer: Introduction Information technology has dominated todays world and every organization is looking forward to incorporate technology in its operations (Kyriazis et al 2018, p. 10). Technology incorporation in organizations business has been an up-hill task that requires specialized organizations to help in setting up the services. Despite setting up IT infrastructure, maintenance remains a key part that has been disguising many organizations that require IT services (Kyriazis et al 2018, p. 18). This project will focus on the following sections; application and use of information technology in Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), uses of IT infrastructure to address and achieve its business organizational business processes, available technological equipment used in various departments to support business processes and operating systems and other application software that TCS uses in both client and servers systems (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 289). Similarly, the project would address movemen t of email messages on the Internet Protocol (IP), the type of organizational networks in use and application architecture proposal in Human resources department. In this regard, the main objective of the report would be to access use information technology in the organization. To achieve this, the following aspect would be analyzed; the context of services offered by TCS, services offered by at the TCS, ease of accessing TCS services by both staff and clients and organizational ability to sustain its business as well as support other organizations run on scalable IT infrastructure. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has a range of services that it offers to other organizations in their bid to incorporate IT services in the business operations. First, TCS offer support to major telecom companies to set up cloud-based services that are both scalable and robust in order to help them boost IT productivity (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 300). In order to offer efficient system development services, TCS has put in place centralized management system lifecycle and documentation that is used to develop customers system. In its API platform that offers system, TCS uses three based approach in developing its applications; API lifecycles, developing and testing application pipeline and developing systems advanced features such as API analytics and integrating system monitoring with external tools. To prove TCS services worth and scalable, organizations such as Telia were able to steer their business by improving its productivity, it also improved its market time and m ade its services cost efficiency. Secondly, TCS has put in place measures to help other organizations to secure their data. Increase in cyber security threats have made it challenging for organizations to secure their data and business operations. To solve cyber security challenges, TCS has come up with a DPL cyber security solution which is SDLC compliant (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 306). The security program offered was able to save organization from all vicious activities that seemed threat to organizational operations. To authenticate its security measures on cyber threat, TCS has helped a European bank to automate its services by helping it to restructure its management incident processes, lowered its manual operational efforts and boost data security as well as minimize data leaks and false positivity. Additionally, TCS through its technology application has made many organizations data driven-enterprises. It has made data accessible and secure by making organization s access big data. Generally, big data is believed to open door and other avenues for organizational success by making organizations access and secure their data. Data structures and usage of IT infrastructure TCS is an organization that has a leverage of capabilities and can handle data in many forms. In order to capture a diverse market, TCS has employed various methodologies to store and retrieve required data. The methodology chosen depends with subject client need as well as TCS capability to offer similar service efficiently. To offer convenient services, TCS has to store and maintain some information about its clients. To make this practical, it has created information system that helps it store clients information and services they provide to them (Breitgand et al 2018, p. 95). The subject information system is meant for TCS only. It offers both storage and retrieval capabilities. First, it has implemented database which I capable to store all forms of data such as images inform of blobs, raw integers and strings. Its database is segmented in relation to services offered to the subject organization. In an example, if subject organization requires services from the TCS, it is catego rized as service client under consultation department. To makes its services secure, it does not require a third party to manage its database. It has developed internally hosted server which is capable to handle this data in a more convenient way and without delay. To make its services more robust, it has implemented organizational ERP which helps its client to generate requests for services. This has made it possible for the company to attract more clients because its services are accessible worldwide. In case client organizations to transform its services, TCS makes use of remote connection software to access clients data. Clients services within TCS are subdivided according to the needs of the customers. In this regard, IT infrastructure differs from department to the other. An example from development department includes both Linux and windows applications to help organization to access robust services as required. There is a close collaboration between hosting and development d epartment because some of the application developed by TCS for clients are hosted from within the organization in order to facilitate easy maintenance. Finally, TCS has implemented strong firewalls software to secure organizational data from unauthorized access by hackers. Network equipment and their functions To make organizational business process successful, several devices are required. These devices are used in various TCS departments such as networking department. This is the department where organizational network is developed and maintained. It is the same department where clients networks are setup and run from. Since network is very sensitive in any organization, its security is of paramount and should be taken with required weight (Ross, McEvilley Ore 2018,p. 845). The first equipment involves routers which are used to segment and share organizational network. TCS network is divided into administrative and general network. To divide this network, organization has used router to categorize departments into either administrative or general (Tate et al 2018, p. 56). Since all departments have administrative sections, they must be provided with all capabilities. To make organizational management easy, all departments administrative sections are housed under administration building in order to share common network without restrictions. Without routers, network segmentation and maintenance would not be possible. Next, firewalls are very significant in the networking. They are used to filter all signals entering and leaving the organization (Siegal et al 2018, p. 146). It is only through firewall that security of the organization is set and no unauthorized user would penetrate to organizational network. Additionally, all departments would require computers which would be used to access organizational data and communicate to other organizations. It is only through computers that all information system capabilities achieved. Further, hosting department would require servers to host range of applications so that they are available to customers as cloud services (Anglin et al 2018, 904). In the same hosting department, radio transmitters would be of great use since they would be used to receive and sent network signals to all customers destinations. Consequently, sw itches would be used to in almost all departments but mainly would be in technical support where all signals would be distributed to the required sections. Switch functionality in this case is very crucial when it comes to data sharing and nodes communication (Breitgand et al 2018, p. 85). It is able to analyze data destination and originality address to determine which computer is to have sent and would receive a given piece of data. Operating system and application software specifications To access and get services from TCS Company, all staffs and clients are requested to meet some software requirements for security measures. To all window operating system users, they are to run on windows 7 or higher version (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 290). This helps organization to set all required features for users because most of the windows7 or later versions have no compatibility issues. This makes possible to establish remote desktop connection when need be. On the same note, those running on Linux should be able to make required connection secure without compromising systems security (Cha,Pingry Thatcher 2008, p. 283). Since Linux is very powerful and can be used to sabotage organizational data, those using Linux are requested to register with TCS security department so that they can be provided with authentication procedures. Apart from operating systems, applications software is restricted to some specification in order to connect to TCS data or systems (Jain Shanbhag 2012, p. 29). All browsers are required to be up to date. This is meant to prevent dubious activities from taking place. Some browsers are known to be vulnerable to hackers and malwares and can easily transmit viruses to organizational system. Consequently, all database and API development are to be done with SQL 2012 versions or later (Davne et al 2014, p. 278). This improves security parameters because all latest application software is believed to be integrated with up to date security parameters. Internet communication protocols are segmented into layers. These layers are structured to facilitate efficient communication over the internet. In this case, since communication is over the internet, TCP model would be discussed. TCP model is made up of five layers which correspond to OSI model 7 layers (Li et al 2018, p. 296). Each layer is made to communicate with its adjacent layer, either below or above it. The physical layer is used to encode and decode data bits that are found in the frame and contains transceiver that is used to sends and receives all signals in the network. The second layer is data link layer which creates required data frames as they move across the network model. The data frames are used to encapsulate all data bits and make use of available MAC addresses in the data frames to identify both destination and source address of the data (Oshri, Fenema Kotlarsky 2008, p. 612). The next layer is network, which tasked with creating data packets as messages moves across the network. In this layer, IP addresses are used to identify data packets both destination and source addresses. Further, the transport layer in the network is used to establish any required applications running on the other different hosts (Shaashua, Shaashua Neura Inc 2018, p. 865). Its main function is to monitor all applications above it by facilitating them with port numbers as well as use network layer to communicate with TCP/IP network. Finally, application layer is where all applications that need network communication reside. Some of the applications that are found in application layer are; browsers and email clients. There are several types of network that TCS have implemented. In this case, two types of network would be discussed because they dominate many departments in the organization. First, LAN is common in many of TCS departments because it is simple to implement across buildings (Noe et al, 2003, p. 89). The main reason of using LAN in TCS Company is because of its flexibility to be expanded into Wide area network (WAN). LAN facilitates communication of terminals across the organization while WAN facilitates communication with other organizations over a long distance (Laudon Laudon 2016, p. 46). TCS uses LAN for internal communication purpose between departments. On the same note, WAN is used to offer communication service to clients. Human resource department makes use of information system to capture organizational employees data and clients that get their services from TCS. To make its information flow accordingly, its system interact with various sections of the organizations in orde r to make service delivery efficient (Green et al 2018, p. 414). Human resource application interfaces with; clients ordering, administration protocol. Conclusion IT services are on demand by almost all organizations. This have created need to come up with specialized organization such as TCS to fill this gap. TCS offers services such as supporting major telecom companies, providing cyber security services and offering big data solutions to various organizations. TCS makes use of almost all available major data structures in order to fulfill all clients needs. Due to clients demand, it would be inappropriate to limit its data storage in a certain type of data structure. Organizations are moving from relational database to OOP due to growing demand to store images as data. To secure organizational and client data, TCS makes use of equipment such as routers to segment network, switches, bridges, network firewalls and radio transceivers. The OS and application software are very important aspect when it comes to specifications required to access services from TCS Company. Its a requirement that all software be up to data as required. To implement its network, TCS has made use of LAN and WAN because they are highly correlated. The project should continue to help organizations realize technological use. It should focus on big data access and cyber security threats to big data in order to make IT implementation more reliable. Bibliography Anglin, M.J., Cannon, D.M., Dawson, C.S., Fruchtman, B., Haye, M.A. and Martin, H.N., International Business Machines Corp, 2018.Replication of data objects from a source server to a target server. U.S. Patent 9,910,904. 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